The KIR/HLA-C test may be recommended by a fertility specialist when a patient experiences repeated embryo implantation failures or recurrent miscarriages.

Below is a clearer explanation of what this test involves and what the results can indicate.

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Why the KIR/HLA-C Test Is Recommended

Uterine adaptation to the fetus is a complex immunological process that involves the interaction between KIR receptors (Killer Immunoglobulin Receptors) expressed by maternal immune cells in the uterus (NK cells) and their ligands, known as HLA-C (Human Leukocyte Antigen-C).

The risk that the maternal immune system might “reject” the embryo can be evaluated through the genetically determined immune compatibility test KIR/HLA-C.

This blood test helps the physician determine the most appropriate therapeutic protocol for couples facing infertility.

The KIR/HLA-C test may be indicated in the following situations:

• Repeated IVF failures (implantation failure)
• Recurrent pregnancy loss (repeated miscarriages)
• History of preeclampsia or preterm birth
• Before IVF with donated oocytes (to assess compatibility between donor and recipient)
• To determine the optimal number of embryos for transfer

How the KIR/HLA-C Test Is Performed

The test involves collecting a blood sample from both partners and, when donor eggs or sperm are used, from the donor as well.

The results, interpreted by a genetic specialist, can help identify an immunologic cause of infertility and guide the most suitable treatment plan.

KIR/HLA-C Incompatibility: What Can Be Done?

If the results show KIR/HLA-C incompatibility, the fertility specialist can tailor the therapeutic approach accordingly.

Options may include:

• immunomodulatory treatment for the woman (to increase immunological tolerance)
• transferring a single embryo (to avoid potential dual exposure to incompatible HLA-C)

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The KIR/HLA-C Test

If you have questions related to the KIR/HLA-C test or would like recommendations on evaluating and monitoring your newborn during the first days of life, you may request an individual consultation at any time. A thorough assessment helps determine the most suitable monitoring and support plan for your child.

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